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Umbilical cord-derived MSCs and amniotic fluid-derived MSCs are both promising sources of mesenchymal stem cells for cellular therapy. However, there are some differences in their clinical benefits, as suggested by the following research studies:

- In a study comparing the differentiation ability of amniotic fluid MSCs and umbilical cord MSCs, it was found that amniotic fluid MSCs had an enhanced osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation capability compared to umbilical cord MSCs[1].

- Another study found that amniotic fluid MSCs and umbilical cord MSCs functioned differently in different tissues in rats with sepsis. Umbilical cord MSCs performed well in reducing the upregulation of inflammatory cytokine levels in the lungs and inhibiting the inflammatory cell infiltration into the liver capsule, while amniotic fluid MSCs performed well in inhibiting cell death in the kidneys and reducing oxidative stress in the liver[2].

- A comparison of the characterization and myocardial differentiation capacity of amniotic fluid-derived MSCs and umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly-derived MSCs found that both types of MSCs showed either mesenchymal stem cell characteristics or embryonic stem cell characteristics. However, the study suggested that allogeneic transplantation methods need to be developed to address the issue of narrow transplantation time window in acute myocardial infarction[3].

- A study comparing human MSCs from four neonatal tissues found that amniotic membrane was the least useful source of MSCs, while chorionic membrane and umbilical cord were considered good options for future use in cell therapy[4].

- Other studies have shown that both amniotic fluid-derived MSCs and umbilical cord-derived MSCs have strong proliferation capacity in vitro and multiple differentiation capacity along all three germs[3][5].

Overall, while both umbilical cord-derived MSCs and amniotic fluid-derived MSCs have potential clinical benefits, their specific advantages may vary depending on the intended use and the target tissue.

Sources

[1] Different culture method changing CD105 expression in amniotic fluid MSCs without affecting differentiation ability or immune fu - Wiley Online Library https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jcmm.15081

[2] MSCs derived from amniotic fluid and umbilical cord require different administration schemes and exert different curative effects on different tissues in rats with CLP-induced sepsis https://stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13287-021-02218-8

[3] Comparison of human amniotic fluid-derived and umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells: Characterization and myocardial differentiation capacity - PMC https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3418907/

[4] [PDF] Comparison of human mesenchymal stromal cells from four neonatal tissues - Cytotherapy https://www.isct-cytotherapy.org/article/S1465-3249(17)30425-5/pdf

[5] Current Status and Future Prospects of Perinatal Stem Cells - MDPI https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/1/6

[6] Comparison of human mesenchymal stromal cells from four neonatal tissues: Amniotic membrane, chorionic membrane, placental decidua and umbilical cord - ScienceDirect https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1465324917304255

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